b`hQr "bRq~{Q glny" ($Aer#rb~k Ir\sb ^r\sb- @hvw~ a{&`pnQk vX@yn~, v^w~wWymy vX@yn~ sh w`k;NQk vX@yn~ sRqEsRkm| lq pRq~glyQn~ sAvr\{ny vn rtvl sQt sAvr\{Qw rtvl~ kr` sAkYmNy vWm vr\wm`n@y~ @b`@h`~ sAvr\{ny vn rtvl qk~nt l#@bn pYvNw`vkQ. @qvn @l`~k yRq~{y avs`n vWmw~ smM m @b`@h`~ yR@r`~pWy rtvl vQX`l k`r\mQk sAvr\{nyk~ sQqE vR awr yRq~{@y~ qW vQX`l vX@yn~ wr#N jQvQw vQn`X vWm nQs` @mm k`r\mQk sAvr\{n avX&w`vn~ spRr` lWmt sRqEsRkm| a#wQ pRhRNR m`nv sm|pw~ em rtvl~ swO @n` vW y. @mm hQq$s pQrvWmt sAvr\{ny vn sh u_n sAvr\{Qw rtvlQn~ pRhRNR XYmQkyn~ a`kr\;Ny kr g#nW@mn~ a`rm|x vR "bRq~{Qglny" vQvQ{ @h~wSn~ nQs` vr\{ny @vmQn~ aq qQn qk~v` m aKN~dv sQqE @vmQn~ pvwQyQ.

sAvr\{Qw rtvl pvwQn uss~ v^w~wWymy avs~}` sh ihL jWvn ww~w~vyn~ q, wm vQ;y @k;wYvl pr\@y~;N h` sAvr\{n ktyRwOvl nQyRwO vWmt avX& sm|pw~ h` phsRkm| sAvr\{ny vn rtvl hQM vWm, nQsQ pYwQl`x @n` l#bWm v#nQ s`{k q @m| pYvNw`vt @h~wO vW a#wQ bv sm`j vQq&`ZyQn~ @g~ aqhsyQ. ugwOn~ h` bRq~{QmwOn~ sAvr\{ny vn rtvlt a#wQ iw` sWmQw sm|pwkQ. e@hyQn~ @m@ls "bRq~{Qglny" vWm @h~wO@vn~ em rtvl~ a`r\}Qkmy h` sm`jWy ar\bRq rFskt mRhRN qW a#wQ awr enQs` m @m| m`w^k`v em rtvl pYwQpw~wQ sm|p`qkyn~ @g~ av{`nyt q lk~ v a#w.

vQq&`ZyQn~ @g~ bRq~{Qglny mRlQn~ m a`rm|x vW a#w~@w~ 1950 gNn~vl sQt vn awr ek~sw~ r`j{`nQy, k#nd`v h` p#rNQ @s`~vQytQ r#sQy`v yn rtvlQn~ a#@mrQk` ek~sw~ jnpqyt @mm sAkYmNy sQqE vW a#w. ey psR k`@lk a@nkOw~ rtvl~ kr` q pYclQw vW a#wQ awr It bl~@g~rQy`v, a`jn~tQn`v, bYsWly, h` qkONR apQYk`nR rtvl~ q a#wOLw~ vQy. vr\wm`n@y~ @b`@h`myk~ a`sQy`wQk rtvl~ @mm ar\bRqyt q$dQ @ls mRhRN p` a#wQ awr cWny, in~qQy`v, qkONR @k`rQy`v h` pQlQpWny eyQn~ pY{`n w#nk~ gnQyQ. XWY lAk`v q @mm g#tlRvt m#qQ vW sQtQn awr em ww~w~v@y~ XWGY vr\{nyk~ qk~nt a#wQ bv q @n`rhskQ. h#t qXk@y~ m#q x`g@y~ qW iw` sRU pYm`NvlQn~ a#rBQ @mrt ugwOn~ h` bRq~{QmwOn~ @g~ sAkYmNy vWm aq qQn vn vQt vQX`l sAK&`vlQn~ sQqE vn "glnyk~" qk~v` vr\{ny vW a#w.

ap @g~ asl~v#sQ rt vn in~qQy`@v| @mm ww~w~vy uq~gw vW a#w~@w~ hwLQh qXk@y~ avs`n x`g@y~ vRvw~ ehQ brpwlbv ovRnt q$nW a#w~@w~ anRv qXk@y~ mRl~ av{Q@y~ qW y. @g`~lWykrNy (Tkqi~ks|~esqb- mWt vd`w~ ivhl~ vW a#wQ s`{ky bv h[En`@gn a#w. @m| sm|bn~{@yn~ krn lq pr\@y~;NvlQn~ an`vrNy vR pYwQPl pRUl~ @ls vQX~@l~;Ny kQrW@mn~ psRv @y`~jn` kL sRqEsR pQLQym| kQYy`vt n#AvWm nQs` bRq~{Qgln@y~ adR pYvnw`vk~ em rt lb` a#wQ bv aq`L qr\Xk up@y`~gW kr@gn @pn~v` qW a#w.

XWY l`AkWy vQq&`w~mk pYj`v @g~ bRq~{Qgln@y~ s~vx`vy h` pYvNw`vn~ h[En` g#nWmt j`wQk vQq&` pqn@m| vQq&` h` w`k;N pYwQpw~wQ pr\@y~;N aAXy (Wjs#bj# ~b` o#jybqkqth Cqksjh s^#Q#~rjy ^sdsQsqb- vQsQn~ 2005 vs@r\ sQt 2007 vsr qk~v` k`ly wOL smWk;Nyk~ sQqE kr a#w. XWY lAk`@vn~ vQvQ{ rtvlt sAkYmNy vR vQq&`Zyn~ 250kt a`sn~n sAK&`vk~ vQsQn~ spyn lq qw~w @mm smWk;Ny mMQn~ lb`@gn a#wQ awr em qw~w up@y`~gW @k`t@gn krn lq vQX~@l~;N@yn~ @hLQ vR kr#NR @mm lQpQyt a#wOLw~ kr a#w.

@mm smWk;N@yn~ @hLQ vR ek~ kr#Nk~ vR@y~ @mrtQn~ sAkYmNy vR vQq&`Zyn~ @gn~ v#dQ @qnkO pQrQmQn~ bvyQ. pQrQmQn~ k`n~w`vn~t vd` s~v`{Wn b#vQn~ ovRn~ vQ@q~Xyn~hQ

rFkQy` h` uss~ a{&`pn avs~}` @svWmt vd`w~ n#BRr# vWm mWt @h~wO p`qk vQy h#kQ y. e@s~ m @m`vRn~ @gn~ bhRwryk~ vQv`hkyQn~ vR bv q @mhQ qW s[hn~ kL yRwO y.

XWY l`AkWy vQq&`Zyn~ v#dQ vX@yn~ a`kr\;Ny kr@gn a#wQ pYwQgY`hk rtvl~ vR@y~ pQLQ@vLQn~ a#@mrQk` ek~sw~ jnpqy h` os~@tQYlQy`vyQ. em rtvl a#wQ v#dQqEr i@gnRm l#bW@m| avs~}`, ihL v^w~wWymy avs~}` sh ihL jWvn ww~w~v mWt @h~wO vRv` nQs#k y. @k@s~ vRvw~ smWk;N pYwQPlvlt anRv em rtvl pRrv#sQx`vy lb`@gn wQbR@N~ sRUwryk~ pmNQ. mWt amwrv k#nd`v, jp`ny, w`yQln~wy, nvsWln~wy, ek~sw~ r`j{`nQy v#nQ rtvl~ q l`AkWy vQq&`Zyn~ sAkYmNy vR a@nkOw~ rtvl~ @ls h[En`gw h#kQ vQy.

@m@ls sAkYmNy vR vQq&`Zyn~ @g~ vQ@X~;Qw vQ;y @k;~wYyn~ pQLQb[v s#lkW@m| qW pY{`nwm vQ@X~;Qw vQ;y k~@;~wYyn~ @ls iAjQ@n~r#vQq&`v (25%), rs`ynvQq&`v (15%) h` k^;Qkr\m vQq&`vn~ (13%) h[En`gw h#kQ vQy. mWt amwr v k;RqYjWvvQq&`v, @@jvw`k;Ny, @w`rwOr# w`k;Ny, @x_wQk vQq&`v, gNQwy h` sAK&`ny, @@vq& vQq&`v, sm`j vQq&`v h` a@nkOw~ jWv vQq&`vn~ yn vQ;y @k;wYvlt ayw~ vQywOn~ q, @m| awr sQtQn awr bv @mm smWk;N@yn~ @hLQ vQy.

XWY lAk`@vn~ sAkYmNy vR vQq~vwOn~ @g~ v#dQ @qnkO vQ@q~Xyn~hQ pr\@y~;kyn~ (33%), h` vQX~vvQq&`l·uss~ a{&`pn a`ywnvl a`c`r\yvr#n~ (25%) @ls @s~vy krn bv smWk;N qw~wvlQn~ q$k~vRNQ. mWt amwrv vQq&`Zyn~, kLmn`krv#n~·prQp`lkyn~, iAjQ@n~r#vn~, @w`rwOr# w`k;N @k;~wY@y~ v^w~wQkyn~ sh @@vq& v^w~wQkyn~ q adR v#dQ vX@yn~ sQtQ bv qk~nt l#bRNQ. @m`vRn~ @gn~ v#dQ @qnkO wmn~ vQ@q~X rtkt sAkYmNy vWmt @h~wO @ls s[hn~ k@L~ v#dQqEr i@gnRm l#bWm sh ihL v^w~wWymy avs~}` lb` g#nWmyQ. mWt amwr v wmn~ vQ@X~;Z q$nRm l#bR @k;~wYy wOL sRqEsR rFkQy` adR vWm nQs` rFkQy`@vn~ l#bWmt bl`@p`@r`w~wO vn w^p~wQmw~bv @n` l#bWm, nvWn vQq&` h` w`k;N pr\@y~;Nvlt avX& upkrN h` rs`yn qYv& lb`g#nW@m| aphsRw`v, an~wr\j`wQk mtQt@m| vQq&`ZyQn~ h` LMQn~ a#sRr# kQrWmt h` sm|mn~wYN sm|@m|ln s[h` shy vWmt a#wQ avs~}` vQrl vWm, h#kQy`vn~, qk;w`vn~ h` sRqEsRkm|vlt anRr$pv nQsQ wnwOr# @n` l#bWm, a@nkOw~ @k;wYyn~ h` ss[n kl ihL v#tRp~ h` aq`L vQ@X~; pYwQl`x @n` l#bWm yn kr#NR s[hn~ kr wQbRNQ. ig#n~vWmt h` aq`L prQp`ln ktyRwO s[h` v#dQ vX@yn~ k`ly @y`mR kQrWmt sQqE vn b#vQn~ pr\@y~;N ktyRwO s[h` iw` sWmQw k`lyk~ @y`mR kQrWmt sQqE vWm l`AkWy vQX~vvQq&`lvl @s~vy krmQn~ sQt psRv vQ@q~Xgw vR vQq&`w~mk pYj`v s[hn~ kL pY{`n kr#NkQ. @mhQ qW an`vrNy vR a@nk~ vQ@X~; kr#N vR@y~ wm qr#vn~ @g~ uss~ a{&`pny s[h` @mrt vQX~v vQq&`lvlt a#wOLw~ vWmt a#wQ avs~}`v iw` sWmQw vWm h` @@vq& h` iAjQ@n~r# vQq&` p`Tm`l` s[h` a#wOLw~ vWmt a#wQ vQX`l wrgk`rWbv q b`hQr bRq~{Q glnyt blp` a#wQ bvyQ. @mkW avs`n @h~wOvt vd`w~ m @h~wOp`qk vW a#w~@w~ XWY lAk`@v| vQq&` h` w`k;N pYwQpw~wQ q e@s~ n#w~nm| a{&`pn h` uss~ a{&`pn pYwQpw~wQ q yn~n vQv`qshgw kr#NkQ.

smWk;Nyt shx`gW vR vQq&`Zyn~ @gn~ 8%k~ pmN pX~c`w~ up`{Qyk~ hq`r` wQbRNR awr eyQn~ adk~ pmN a`c`r\y up`{Q{`rWhR vR h. mQn~ v#dQ @qnkO wm pX~c`w~ up`{Qy hq`r` wQbR@N~ ovRn~ vr\wm`n@y~ jWvw~ vn vQ@q~X r@thQ vWm q vQ@X~; kr#NkQ. kr#NR sQyl~l k#tQ kr b#lW@m| qW @pnW yn~@n~ v#dQqEr a{&`pny l#bWm s[h` vQ@q~Xgw vR @mm vQq&`Zyn~ em rtvl pvwQn vd` @h`[ v^w~wWmy avs~}` sh ihL jWvn ww~w~v nQs` em rtvl m pqQAcQ vWmt @h`~ wvqErtw~ rF[Wmt @plBW a#wQ bvyQ. ihL a{&`pny l#bRvn~t XWY lAk`v wOL v^w~wWymy avs~}` vQrl vWm sh pvwQn rFkQy`vl v#tRp~ sh a@nkOw~ phsRkm| h` ss[n kl em ww~w~v pYm`Nvw~ @n` vWm ovRn~ @m@s~ vQ@q~Xyn~hQ rF[Wmt nQs#kv m blp`n~nt a#w.

@mhQ qW s[hn~ kL yRwO wvw~ kr#Nk~ vn~@n~ sAvr\{Qw rtvlt sAkYmNy vR vQq&`Zyn~ vQq&`w~mk @k;wY wOL kQYy`k`rQw~vy awQn~ s#lkW@m| qW vd` ihL w#nk sQtQn bvyQ. @vnw~ smWk;N v`r\w`vkt anRv @mm sAkYmNQk vQq~vwOn~ ovRn~ @g~ nQjbQm|vl sQtQn smk`lWn vQq&`Zyn~t s`@p~k;v ps~vrk~ pmN v#dQpRr vQq&`w~mk pYk`Xn (s^#Q#~rjy cmiksj~esqbQ- pL kr a#wQ h` qsvrk~ pmN v#dQpRr @p~tn~tQ (c~e#be- blpwY lb`@gn a#wQ bvyQ. a#@mrQk` ek~sw~ jnpqy, ek~sw~ r`j{`nQy, jr\mnQy, jp`ny v#nQ sAvr\{Qw k`r\mQk rtvl~ wm vQX`l qL j`wQk nQ;~p`qnyn~ @gn~ 2% - 3% v#nQ pYm`Nyk~ pr\@y~;N h` sAvr\{n k`r\yyn~ s[h` @y`qvn vQt in~qQy`v, XWY lAk`v, qkONR apQYk`v v#nQ sAvr\{ny vn rtvlt e~ s[h` @vn~ kL h#kQ v a#w~@w~ It s`@p~k;v phL agyk~ gn~n` qL j`wQk nQ;~p`qn@yn~ 1%tw~ vd` adR pYm`Nyk~ vWm nQs` @my ar#myk~ @n` @v|. @k@s~ vRvw~ sAvr\{Qw rtvl @v@sn vQq&`Zyn~ @g~ k`r\y {`rQw`@vn~ uprQm pY@y`~jn lb`gw @n`h#kQ vWm av`sn`vt kr#Nk~ bv s[hn~ kL yRwO awr bRq~{Q glny sQqE vWm s[h` @mm kr#NR q vkY`k`rv r#kOlk~ vn bv kQv yRwO @n` @v|.

smWk;N@yn~ av{`rNy vR wvw~ v#qgw~ kr#Nk~ vR@y~ @m@ls vQ@q~Xgw vW sQtQn vQq&`Zyn~ @gn~ iw` v#dQ pQrQsk~ XWY lAk`@v| @s~vy kQrWm s[h` n#vw @mrtt p#mQNWmt k#m#w~@wn~ sQtQn bvyQ. vd` @h`[ k`r\y ww~w~vyn~ lb` qWm, pYm`Nvw~ v#tRp~ sh a@nkOw~ phsRkm| lb` qWm yn s`{k XWY lAk`vt n#vw p#mQNW@m| qW pY{`n vX@yn~ slk` b#@ln bv ovRn~ @g~ pYwQc`rvlQn~ q$k~vRNQ. in~qQy`v, cWny, j#@myQk`v, nyQjWrQy`v v#nQ rtvl~ wm rtvl sAvr\{n k`r\yyn~ s[h` vQ@q~Xyn~t sAkYmNy vW sQtQn s~v@q~XWy vQq&`Zyn~ @g~ q`ykw~vy lb`g#nW@mn~ vQpRl Pl @nL`@gn a#w. e@s~ m in~qQy`v h` cWny yn rtvl @@jv w`k;Ny, @w`rwOr# w`k;Ny v#nQ @k;~wYvl m$w x`g@y~ qW a#wQ vR pRnr#qyn~ smM em rtvlQn~ b#h#r v sQtQ vQq&`Zyn~ n#vw wm nQjbQm kr` #pmQNW@m| nv pYvNw`vk~ q qk~nt l#@b|. XWY lAk`@v| vw~mn~ rjy q @m@ls vQ@q~Xgw vW sQtQn XWY l`AkWy vQq&`Zyn~ n#vw @mrtt @gn~v` g#nWmt h` ovRn~ @mrt sAvr\{n ktyRwO s[h` q`yk kr g#nWmt av{`ny @y`mR kr wQ@b|. @k@s~ @vww~ @mrt bRq~{Qglny avm kr g#nWm h` vQ@q~Xgw v sQtQn vQq~vwOn~ n#vw @mrt sAvr\{n pYyw~nyn~ s[h` shx`gW krg#nW@m| vQ{Qmw~ kQYy` ptQp`tQyk~ kdQnmQn~ m avX& bv pQLQgw yRwO kr#NkQ. @mhQ l` vQ@X~;@yn~ s[hn~ kL yRw~@w~ iw` adR phsRkm| h` adR v#tRp~ lbmQn~ @mrtt @s~vy krn vQq&` h` w`k;N pYj`v @g~ q`ykw~vy sRU @k`t s#lkQy yRwO n#wQ bvyQ. ovRn~ awr sQtQn iw` qk;, avAk h` wm` l#bR nQqhs~ a{&`pnyt gr# kQrWm| vs~ rt @vnR@vn~ @s~vy kL yRwO y yn aqh@s~ sQtQn vQq&` h` w`k;N pYj`vt @mm r@tQ pYN`my anQv`r\y@yn~ m hQmQ vQy yRwO @v|.

wv q "ax&n~wr bRq~{Q glny" (;be#rb~k Ir\sb ^r\sb- ynR@vn~ h#[Qn~@vn r`j& @s~v@y~ nQyRwO vQq&`ZyQn~ @p_q~glQk a`ywnvl

rFkQy` kr` a#qW y`m vw~mn~ XWY lAk`@v| qk~nt l#@bn wvw~ nv pYvNw`vkQ. @p_q~glQk a`ywnvl v#tRp~ wl h` a@nkOw~ phsRkm| vd` a`kr\;NWy vWm mWt pY{`n @ls m @h~wO vW a#w. @mhQ a#wQ anwOr#q`ykbv vn~@n~ b`hQr bRq~{Qgln@y~ qW @mn~ @n` v, @mm vQq~vwOn~ v#dQ vX@n~ @p_q~glQk a`ywnvl vQq&` h` w`k;NQk @n` vn

rFkQy` @vw @y`mR vWmyQ. @my vQq&` h` w`k;N @k;~wY@y~ up`{Q{`rWn~ bQhQ kQrWm s[h` rjy v#y krn vQX`l pQrQv#y sm|pRr\N@yn~ m ap @w~ y$mkQ. e@hyQn~ @mm kr#NR sm|bn~{v q aq`L pYwQpw~wQ sm|p`qkyn~ @g~ av{`ny ik~mnQn~ @y`mR vQy yRwO bv avs`n vX@yn~ av{`rNy krmR.

j`wQk vQq&` pqn@m|

vQq&` h` w`k;N pYwQpw~wQ pr\@y~;N aAX@y~

em|. yR. em|. ans~ h`